Saturday, November 30, 2019

Subsidies to US Auto Industry

Over the last decade, the world has been facing economic crises. One major crisis was witnessed in 2008. In necessitated legislation of an act that would enable the government to help struggling industries survives the occasional economic depressions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subsidies to US Auto Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same year, the congress passed into law a bill popularly known as the troubled asset relief programmed (Brunetti 11). This bill did not address a situation in any particular industry. However, it was made with the consideration of the difficulties that some important industries in the US economy were facing at the time. Thus, the government did not immediately move on to assist any industry that was facing problems at the time (Brunetti 13). Automobile manufacturers in the United States of America have always been a critical part of the economy. Collapse of companie s in the automobile manufacturing industry could have dire consequences for the US economy. The sector also employed more than a million people. Furthermore, the number of people employed in the automobile manufacturing sector remained significant despite the decline over the last few years Late in 2008, two automotive manufactures, Chrysler Corporation and General Motors appealed to the congress to approve assistance from the government to help them avoid certain liquidation in the face of financial insolvency (Brunetti 20). While presenting the case, the companies did not argue that they were doing well in the market, but they rather tried to illustrate their efforts towards avoiding financial crises.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their argument was that the economy would face severe ramifications if one of the major automobile manufacturers were to undergo liquidation. No details of the projected plan were given, but the manufacturers cited substantial financial gains in general. After debate within the congress, senate, and state administration, the government decided to assist the automobile industry to avoid the impending liquidation for several companies (United States Congress, United States Congress 25). The World Trade Organization has anti subsidy rules that were formulated to ensure that there is a competitive international trade. In addition, the rules were established with the view of increasing free trade in the international arena. WTO ensured that its regulations did not cripple individual governments that wished to take corrective measures to salvage an economy that is on the verge of collapse. Thus, anti-subsidy laws are mild, and are meant to deter governments from subsidizing export and import commodities to the extent where the effect of the subsidies affects other countries and companies in the same trade. Otherwise, small subs idies for justifiable reasons are allowed. In addition, to regulate subsidization of products by the government, the WTO has formulated barriers in form of increased tariffs for subsidized products. These barriers are meant to be regulatory measures rather than settle scores among disputing countries. The problem is that the companies could not redeem themselves after the government gave the grants. They eventually had to be liquidated, and more money was used to establish new entities, with a significant amount of capital being contributed by the United States government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subsidies to US Auto Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is obvious that the government had acted to save millions of jobs that were at stake. However, through this action, the government was actually subsidizing the American automobile industry beyond what some financial analysts consider acceptable li mits. The situation at Chrysler and General Motors had been partially due to stiff competition. A bailout as substantial as that implemented by the US government seemed like interference with free trade. Most importantly, this action appeared to be a violation of the World Trade Organization’s guidelines on international trade. Other countries could consider bailing out their automobile manufacturing industries to even the scores. Alternating counteractive actions would then lead to hostile tax policies between trading partners, disrupting international trade. Thus, the United States domestic trade policies may be indirect sabotage of international trade (Webel 12). One of the conditions within the subsidies and countervailing measures as outlined by the WTO is that direct transfer of funds must be evident for the bailout to be considered a valid subsidy. In addition, the said subsidy must the directed towards a specific sector of the economy or industry. In that case, the US government’s action qualifies to be classified a subsidy. Furthermore, the US government issued funds directly to a few organizations. WTO requires signatories to its guidelines to avoid directly subsidizing those industries that manufacture goods purposely for export or import trade (Webel 18). That way, the international trade is protected from machinations of any single country. Other regulations within section II of the trade agreements ratified in Uruguay urge countries to desist from subsidizing major industries such that there is a significant effect on trade partners.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More WTO rules also specify that for a bailout to be considered a subsidy, the law of the particular country must isolate the entities being subsidized as the only industries eligible for the particular subsidy. Moreover, WTO considers any benefit of an industry acquired through foregoing of debts owed to the government amounts to a valid subsidy. Since the program was directed by congress in the United States, it qualifies as a valid subsidy to companies that deal in merchandise meant for export. The actions of the United States government contravene almost all guidelines of WTO Uruguay convention regulations (Webel 21). Any member of WTO or automobile manufacturer, which wishes to file a complaint with WTO, may prove several facts to validate its claim. One of the conditions is that the complaining entity may prove that the defendant nation caused a significant setback to the complaining entity’s domestic operations or progress. Secondly, the complaining entity may prove that th e defendant nation hindered the benefit of the complainant by subsidizing a certain industry beyond the acceptable maximum level. Finally, the complaining entity may prove that the defendant nation had prejudice in its action to subsidize a competing rival of the complainant. Several setbacks would face any country or automobile manufacturer that would wish to challenge the United States Bailout program to the WTO as a violation of WTO agreements. For WTO to accept the complaints by any country or automotive manufacturer there must be enough proof to validate the claim (Webel 24). One of the requirements is that the complainant in the case must proof that the United States government subsidized goods meant for export directly. Furthermore, there should be proof that the United States government benefited the companies that were subject to assistance. It is difficult to determine whether there was any benefit for the American automotive manufacturers. The complex procedures and disso lution of the two companies is difficult to analyze, particularly because the old business entities were eventually dissolved and new ones formed. If countermeasures were to be applied by the WTO, the implications of the past subsidies would remain, and the said measures would act just as a deterrent to any future violation of international trade laws. This means that the complainant would not be compensated for any damage caused by the subsidies. For this reason, the complainant may not be motivated to file any complaint against a subsidization that has already occurred. The lack of any financial award by WTO arbitration is a major setback to the international law (Webel 26). As of now, the subsidization of the two American automakers by the government of the United States remains a perceived action rather than a proven fact. Although is it is difficult to proof guilt or take action against the united states of America for the perceived misconduct, there are implications arising fr om reaction of the international market, foreign automotive manufacturers, and other countries that are preparing themselves to take similar action, should multinational companies operating in the country require government assistance. When subsidies are given to an industry with a significant share of international market, a degenerative effect is likely to occur. Competitiveness of companies within the international market becomes impaired by such actions. Apart from the automotive manufacturing industry, other sectors are likely to suffer from changes in trade tariff. Many of the countries involved in substantial trade with the United States may raise tariff so imports from the United States in response to the unfair subsidization of the United States motor industry. However, action by aggrieved parties may also be hampered by the economic power of the corporations that were subsidized. General Motors Corporation and Chrysler are comparatively smaller than the largest automobile manufacturers in the world (Webel 29. However, they operate on a multinational scale and employ citizens of their host countries. Closure of the two companies may make the companies lay off their workers in some of the countries. Thus, any country with interest in either General Motors or Chrysler is not likely to file any complaint against the automobile makes since such an action goes against their interest. Following the support of Chrysler and General Motors by the American government, some of Europe’s automobile manufacturers have been taking similar action though on a smaller scale. It is the difficult for WTO to impose any barrier to such action since no action has been taken against the US government decision to bailout domestic automobile manufacturers. Germany gave one and half billion Euros to Opel, a General Motors corporation subsidiary. On the other hand, France tried to influence Renault by giving the company a loan of about eight billion Euros. Britain also ga ve a loan of three million dollars to domestic automobile manufacturers (Lincicome 9). All these moves by European countries were reactions to the subsidizing of general motors and Chrysler by American government. In turn, the companies that received the said favors, continued to take actions that would indirectly benefit the countries that offered loans and bailouts. Such actions may cause mistrust and therefore fragmentation of global automobile trade. The practice may also spread to other industries, and eventually cause a global depression. It can be argued that the actions of countries that have significant manufacturing industry are a response to the actions of the United States. On the other hand, such actions may be considered efforts by the governments to salvage one of their most important industries from collapse. However, all these subsidies given to the automobile manufacturing industry around the world are a violation of WTO rules in one way or another (Lincicome 14). On careful analysis of the procedures and circumstances, one may choose to consider the actions as a part of a commercial war among the countries that host competing manufacturing industries. Although grants were given to several automotive manufacturing industries around the world, it is important to consider the circumstances of the period within which relief was offered to the manufacturers. The year 2008 had an economic depression that threatened to bog down many industries apart from the automotive manufacturing sector. In the case of United States, it is reasonable to take into account for the size of the automobile industry and its role in the economy. The jobs that Chrysler Corporation and General Motors offered to the public were too many for the government to risk losing. Such a big loss of jobs would have serious political and financial implications for the country. Thus, logic dictates that any government in a similar position would have gone to such a length to rescue t he automotive manufacturing industry. It is also possible that if the United States had sought permission or exemption from WTO or other countries with significant automotive manufacturing sector, it would have taken too long for the bailout programs to be useful to the situation in the industry (Technological innovation and public policy: the automotive industry 45). Similarly, it would have taken too long for United States government to present an amendment proposal to the WTO for consideration to favor its remedy for the automotive industry. Thus, to many observers, the United States did what was in the best interest of the citizens. Furthermore, the United States has other subsidy program for automotive makers other than the plan to bail out Chrysler and General Motors (Chong 45). For example, the United States government has endeavored to provide financial assistance to companies that sell automotive parts to Chrysler and General motors’ in order to maintain smooth trade for the organizations. In turn, manufacturing process at General motors and Chrysler is smooth. Through this mechanism, losses are avoided. However, some of the organizations that benefit from this plan are foreign companies in which the United States government has little direct interest. One can then conclude that the United States bails out companies within the country, but also provides similar assistance to companies outside the country (Chong 53). In such a situation, there is no substantial reason to allege that the United States government had prejudice against some foreign manufacturers. However much the United States government was justified in implementing its contingency plan in the case of automobile manufacturers, there is need to follow trade rules to ensure that there is cooperation in international trade (Lincicome 15). It is important for the country, which is the leading economic power, to show faith in rules and regulations that it has previously championed. The Uruguay concessions were formulated under the patronage of the United States and other leading economic powers. Consequently, it becomes hypocritical for the champion of the said laws to be the first to breach them. Although one cannot conclude that the subsidization of automotive industry in Europe was a reaction to the American case, it could still be a possibility. Thus, whether the government of the United States had a credible reason to bailout its automotive manufacturing industry or not, the fact remains that the US government breached international trade laws. Works Cited Brunetti, Paul. â€Å"United States Economic Policy: US subsidies in the context of World Trade Organisation.† United States Economic Policy 33.5 (2011): 7-24. Print. Chong, Michael D.. Study of the crisis in the automotive sector in Canada report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. Ottawa, Ont.: Canada Parliament House of Commons, 2009. Print. Lincicome, Scot. â€Å"Coun tervailing Calamity How to Stop the Global Subsidies Race.†Policy Analysis 11.7 (2012): 1-36. Print. Technological innovation and public policy: the automotive industry. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print. United States Congress, United States Congress. Congressional Oversight Panel September oversight report: the use of TARP funds in the support and reorganization of the domestic automotive industry.. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. :, 2009. Print. Webel, Baird. â€Å"Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP): Implementation and Status.† Congressional Research Service36.5 (2012): 4-33. Print. This essay on Subsidies to US Auto Industry was written and submitted by user Taraji Whitfield to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

ESL Newscast Lesson Plan

ESL Newscast Lesson Plan Media is an ever-present reality and one that students are intimately familiar with. As such, diving into the media landscape offers multiple avenues for interesting lessons that will hold students attention. You can start by studying media-related words so that students are familiar with the basics. From there, lesson plans can revolve around anything from watching news videos on YouTube to publishing a class newspaper. One activity that helps students cover a variety of media related themes is to have students create and act out a newscast. The larger the class, the more roles students can take on. Perhaps your class might even put up the final version online. ESL Newscast Lesson Plan Breakdown Aim: Develop a working knowledge of vocabulary related to mediaActivity: Creating a newscastLevel: Intermediate to advanced Lesson Activities Study media-related vocabulary covering the basics of printed and broadcast video.Discuss different roles on news broadcasts including anchorpersons, meteorologists, and sports reporters.  Compare and contrast printed and broadcast media and how they are currently used in our daily lives.Watch a video on YouTube or on TV of a typical newscast together as a class. Its not necessary to watch an entire broadcast. However, students should have a chance to become familiar with a range of reports.Watch the newscast a second time and ask students to take note of typical phrases used to introduce various reports and reporters, as well as make transitions.Review transition phrases in small groups with students matching language functions to appropriate phrases.Ask students to write out two alternate phrases for each language function.  As a class, review possible phrases. Write phrases on the whiteboard, or take note in a document to print out for students.Ask groups to read a transcript of a typical broadcast. Ive included an easy version below, but advanced classes should be able to handle actual broadcast transcripts. Next, students  script out a short newscast in groups of four to six. One student should take on the role of anchorperson, one as the weatherperson, another as a sports reporter. For larger groups, add various reporters as required. For example, one group might have a gossip reporter from Hollywood, another group might have a reporter on assignment in China, etc.  Ask students to work together to write a short newscast with each student responsible for his or her own role / report.Review students scripts as needed and help out with transitional language.Have students practice the newscast until they can deliver the news  comfortably with little reference to the script.  Enjoy the newscasts as a class. If its really good, share the newscast online.  Afterwards, repeat the fun with this lesson on writing dramatic scripts as a class. Newscaster Language Match the following purpose to the jargon phrases that follow. Once youve matched the phrases, come up with two additional phrases that might be used to accomplish the same function: Opening the newscastAnnouncing the headlinesIntroducing the weatherCutting to a commercialTransitioning to a new storyIntroducing live coverageIntroducing the sports segmentInterrupting the newscast for breaking newsUsing pleasant small talk to finish the newsSigning off from the broadcast Broadcast Journalism Jargon Excuse me, we have a developing situation ...Good evening and here is tonights important news.Hi Steve, were on the ground here in downtown ...How about that game last night!Its pretty wet out there, isnt it?Lets get out there and enjoy some of the good weather.Lets turn to a story about ...Stay tuned, well be right back.Thank you for tuning in. Well be back at eleven with important updates.Tonights stories include ...(Answer Key Below) Example News Transcript Read this transcript and take note how transitional phrases are used during a news broadcast. Once you have finished, plan your own newscast with classmates. Anchor: Good evening and welcome to the local news. Tonights stories include the story of a boy and his dog, a look at improving employment figures, and a clip of the Timbers win at home last night. But first, lets check in on the weather. Tom, hows the weather looking?Meteorologist: Thank you Linda. Its been a beautiful day today, hasnt it? We had a high of 93 and a low of 74. The day started off with a few clouds, but weve had sunny skies since two oclock. We can expect more of the same tomorrow. Over to you Linda.Anchor: Thank you Tom, yes its a wonderful time of the year. Were so lucky with our weather.Meteorologist: Thats right!Anchor: Lets turn to a sweet story of a boy and his dog. Last night a dog was left in the parking lot sixty miles away from its home. The dogs owner, a boy of eight, tried everything to find Cindy. Yesterday, Cindy came home and scratched on the front door. John Smithers has more. John?Reporter: Thank you Linda. Yes, little Tom Anders is a happy boy tonig ht. Cindy, as you can see, is now playing in the backyard. She arrived home after having come more than sixty miles to reunite with Tom! As you can see, theyre overjoyed to be reunited.Anchor: Thank you John. Thats good news indeed! Now, lets check in with Anna for a look at last nights Timbers victory.Sports reporter: Timbers hit it big last night. Beating the Sounders 3-1. Alessandro Vespucci scored the first two goals, followed by Kevin Browns incredible header in the last minute.Anchor: Wow, that sounds exciting! Well, thank you everyone. This has been the evening news. Newscaster Language Answer Key Interrupting the newscast for breaking newsOpening the newscastIntroducing live coverageIntroducing the sports segmentIntroducing the weatherUsing pleasant small talk to finish the newsTransitioning to a new storyCutting to a commercialSigning off from the broadcastAnnouncing the headlines

Friday, November 22, 2019

Primary Standards in Chemistry

Primary Standards in Chemistry In chemistry, a primary standard is a reagent which is very pure, representative of the number of moles the substance contains and easily weighed. A reagent is a chemical that is used to cause a chemical reaction with another substance. Often, reagents are used to test for the presence or quantity of specific chemicals in a solution. Properties of Primary Standards Primary standards are typically used in titration to determine an unknown concentration and in other analytical chemistry  techniques. Titration is a process in which small amounts of a reagent are added to a solution until a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction provides confirmation that the solution is at a specific concentration. Primary standards are often used to make standard solutions (a solution with a precisely known concentration). A good primary standard meets the following criteria: high level of puritylow reactivity (high stability)high equivalent weight (to reduce error from mass measurements)not likely to absorb moisture from the air (hygroscopic) to reduce changes in mass in humid versus dry environmentsnon-toxicinexpensive and readily available In practice, few chemicals used as primary standards meet all of these criteria, although its critical that  a standard is of high purity. Also, a compound which may be a good primary standard for one purpose may not be the best choice for another analysis. Examples of Primary Standards and Their Uses It may seem odd that a reagent is needed to establish the concentration of a chemical in solution. In theory, it should be possible to simply divide the mass of the chemical by the volume of the solution. But in practice, this isnt always possible. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) tends to absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus changing its concentration. A 1-gram sample of NaOH may not actually contain 1 gram of NaOH because additional water and carbon dioxide may have diluted the solution. To check the concentration of NaOH, a chemist must titrate a primary standard (in this case a solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). KHP does not absorb water or carbon dioxide, and it can provide visual confirmation that a 1 gram solution of NaOH really contains 1 gram. There are many examples of primary standards; a few of the most common include: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used as a primary standard for silver nitrate (AgNO3) reactions.Zinc powder may be used to standardize EDTA solutions after it has been dissolved in hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.Potassium hydrogen phthalate or KHP may be used to standardize perchloric acid and an aqueous base in an acetic acid solution. Secondary Standard Definition A related term is secondary standard. A secondary standard is a chemical that has been standardized against a primary standard for use in a specific analysis. Secondary standards are commonly used to calibrate analytical methods. NaOH, once its concentration has been validated through the use of a primary standard, is often used as a secondary standard.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Oil Industry and How It Affects Our Economy Essay

The Oil Industry and How It Affects Our Economy - Essay Example The policies and decisions made by various institutions can and in fact, changes the nation's economic performance. One of the most significant players in the economy of the United States as well as the whole world is the oil industry. As the nation and the world as a whole, are becoming more and more industrialized, we also became more dependent on oil to fuel our technologically more advanced equipments. Nowadays, the importance of the oil industry can never be overstated. Insufficiency in this resource will surely facilitate the spillover of negative externalities in the entire economy. This paper will examine the oil industry and its great role in the US economy. The first section will give a brief history of the oil industry followed by its influences in the whole economy. The paper will then examine the historical oil prices and the cause of the recent oil price hikes and their implications in the economy. Currently, it is estimated that the economy of the United States consumes 20 million barrels of oil per day. This huge consumption of oil is to support the country's highly industrialized economy especially in the production of different goods. However, the United States is not self-sufficient in oil production as 60% of its total requirement is sourced from foreign exporters. In other words, only 8.71 million barrels of the 21 million daily demand for oil is absorbed by the domestic oil industry (Some Factors 2005). From here, we can conclude that the US economy is strongly tied to its oil industry. Therefore, the movements in oil prices also have direct effects in the production and the volume of goods produced in the country. Figure 1 shows the behavior of oil prices in the world market from 1861 to 2004. Values are shown in current (green) and constant (orange) prices. Since constant prices are already deflated to illustrate consistency with the base year 1861, their values are lower than the current prices. We can see that sharp increases in prices are brought about by various events in the world economy. For example, the highest historical price of nearly $100/barrel was experienced during the 1960s as a response to the Pennsylvanian oil boom. Another is associated with the Iranian revolution in the 1980s. We see a significant drop in current oil prices started during the 1980s which is also followed by the downward trend in constant prices. However, oil prices started to mount in the late 1990s following the Asian financial crisis (Oil Prices 2005). Presently, the price of oil in the domestic market continues to skyrocket. The current price of a barrel of oil is estimated to be at 61.83. This huge oil price hike can be attributed to a lot of factors in the economy (Energy Prices 2005). First, it is an impact of the high price of crude which reached as high as $70 per barrel. This is consequent to the tight supply of crude in oil market and the high demand for it from Americans. International demand for oil is also high to support the growing economies of prospective economic giants like China. It is estimated that crude oil imports in China leaped by 30% in 2003 (Some Factors 2005). The refinery capacity of the United States has also an impact on the high prices. Currently, the country's refinery

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Ovid Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ovid - Research Paper Example This qualification seemed quite trivial and the naiad didn’t worry about it, believing her son would surely live for a long time. As he grew up, Narcissus was a very beautiful individual, causing everyone who saw him to fall in love with him. However, Narcissus never found anyone he felt was worthy of his attention. One of those who had fallen in love with him was the nymph Echo, who shriveled up to nothing more than her voice when Narcissus rejected her love. Another hopeful lover was more aggressive and pleaded to Nemesis, the goddess of vengeance, that Narcissus should fall in love with himself and yet be unable to accept his own love. Nemesis granted the request by fulfilling the fate that Tiresias had foresaw. She caused Narcissus to know himself. When Narcissus bent over a clear silver pool for a drink of water on a hot day, he saw his reflection and thus ‘knew himself’. He promptly fell in love with the image he saw in the pool and did everything he could t o reach out and connect with the figure but, since it was only a reflection, all his efforts only caused the object of his adoration to disappear. Finally realizing that the image he is seeing is a reflection that he will never be able to hold, Narcissus beats his breast in grief and dies there by the side of the pool. Thus, no matter how much he might have been unable to know himself in any other way because of his own arrogance, the simple procedure of seeing his own reflection, thus knowing the image others had loved, was enough to bring about his fate. These types of stories are told through a central linking frame, which also links it to other important classical writers like Chaucer, Dante and

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Industrialization and Appalachia Essay Example for Free

Industrialization and Appalachia Essay Industrialization and Appalachia The Industrial revolution did not â€Å"skip over† Appalachia but the native mountain people did not benefit from the effects of industrialization and were left in a worse situation. The stereotype of the Appalachian people that was formed prior to the industrialization era was that mountain people were noble, savage, independent, proud, rugged, dirty and uneducated. The industrialists to promote economic development and industrialization of Appalachia used this backward image of the Appalachian people. They believed that the native Appalachian people were incapable of developing the Appalachian Mountains natural resources on their own. However in trying to keep up with the modern world during the industrial revolution the people of Appalachia were doomed to their pre-industrial image. Until the era of industrialization Appalachia was a region of small, open-country communities, concentrated in valleys, coves and hollows. Each community of farms was self-sufficient socially and economically. The focus of a self-sufficient farmer was that of survival by working in their own crops and hunting or raising livestock for food. They tended to have large families to help with all the demands of the farm. After the Civil War northerners came into the southern Appalachian Mountains, and many were surprised by what they found. They found a multitude of mineral and timber wealth as well as a romantic beauty of the mountain landscape. Capitalists responded to this discovery and began to industrialize the Appalachian Mountains for their own profit. Capitalists believed that the Appalachian people were too backward to know that they were sitting on an abundance of resources so they manipulated the mountaineers into selling large amounts of land for basically nothing. As Eller wrote in his book Miners, Millhands and Mountaineers, â€Å"some sold entire mountains for a mule, horse or rifle†. Industrialization depended first upon the building of an adequate transportation system into, out of, and within the mountain regions of the South. The railroad was built and it opened the doors to the full exploitation of the mountains natural resources. Coal and timber extraction were the primary resources that drove the Industrial Revolution in Appalachia. The extraction of these resources required the employment of the Appalachian farmer. The mountaineer left their farms for wage employment  and became dependent on that. The uncontrolled flow of the coal and timber industry took up huge plots of farmland and forced families to move to the mining towns. With the presence of the coal and timber companies in place, the mountaineer could not hope to be more than barely self-sufficient. The area industrialized without developing sufficient infrastructure to sustain itself, dooming the mountain people to poverty. The average mountaineer had been an independent sort of person, running his own farm, raising a family and building his own future. When brought into coal, timber, and textile towns, he was at the mercy of his employer. The mountaineer became totally dependent on his employer and was forced into terrible conditions. Besides this dependence to his employer the mountaineer could not go back to his old home place and farm again because the cutting of timber ruined agriculture. â€Å"One of the most important results of industrialization in Appalachia has been the negative impact it has had on the long-term economic health of the region. None of the industries in Appalachia, and especially not the coal industry, encouraged rival or spin-off economic development during their boom years. The effect has been sporadic economic growth without real economic development† (A Handbook to Appalachia, 15). In Miners, Millhands and Mountaineers, Ellers thesis was that while Appalachia had undergone industrialization, the region itself failed to modernize. He argues that during and after the industrialization process mountain people lost their independence and self-determination of their ancestors, without becoming full participants in the benefits of the modern world. The mountain people found that the growing prosperity had bred greater dependence on the system beyond their control. Worst of all, none of the wealth the industrialists stripped from the mountains remained there. The industrial revolution was not properly development in Appalachia and it left the Appalachian people poor and barely able to care for themselves. So it is obvious that, in trying to keep up with the modern world, the people of Appalachia were doomed to their pre-industrial image or stereotype. Works cited 1. A Handbook to Appalachia, an introduction to the region; edited by Grace Toney Edwards, JoAnn Aust Asbury, Ricky L. Cox Copyright 2006 by the University of Tennessee Pres/Knoxville. 2. Eller, Ronald D. Miners, Millhands and Mountaineers. The University of Tennessee Press, 1982.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Bicycle Xing :: essays research papers

Bicycle Xing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Lords Prayer is 66 words, the Gettysburg Address is 286 words, and there are 1,322 words in the Declaration of Independence, but government regulations on the sale of cabbage total 26,911 words.† This statement made from government annalist Ralph Reed in the summer of 1993, show just how absurd some government regulations can be. If something is important, we generally tend to just say it. If something is not entirely needed we just fill it full of jargon and become very longwinded. An example of a frivolous regulation is the one in Missouri that all bicycles are to be ridden on the street only. The regulation strictly forbids riding on the sidewalks. This asinine regulation violates personal liberties and should be eliminated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This regulation should be done away with for several reasons: First, the regulation is ineffective. People ride their bicycles on the sidewalks currently and they are not punished for it. This means that there is little to no enforcement for this regulation. So, if the regulation isn’t observed or obeyed by the citizens of the state, and it isn’t enforced, than it does no good to have the regulation in the first place. It is not needed and therefore should be eliminated. Next, the regulation says that bicycles should be rode in the streets, but riding a bicycle in the street can be very dangerous. In today’s society automotive drivers are distracted way too much as it is. Accidents happen because drivers are distracted by things such as cell phones, bad weather, darkness and sometimes because they just aren’t paying attention to the road ahead. Having to worry about a cyclist on the street is just another hassle that drivers should not have to put up with. Finally, little kids learn to ride there bikes between the ages of four and six. It is very dangerous for a little child who is just learning how to handle a bicycle to ride in the street with cars that are much larger and could potentially harm them. Sometimes children swerve on there bikes because they are just getting used to them, and a child swerving into traffic could be deadly. Then this creates a problem because it’s too dangerous for a child to ride in the street, and the sidewalk is off limits, so the child has nowhere to pursue the happiness that a bicycle could bring.

Monday, November 11, 2019

What Is Leadership? Defining Leadership Qualities

Defining Leadership through the Fortune 500 Leadership is a difficult term to define. In literal definition, it means â€Å"the action of leading a group of people or an organization†. However, that is a very prosaic definition. What qualities make up â€Å"the action of leading a group of people or an organization†? One way to find out is to observe the qualities possessed by leaders themselves. The Fortune 500 is an annual ranking of America’s largest corporations. At the very head of each one of these 500 corporations is a single individual called a Chief Executive Officer, or CEO.The CEO is in charge of all of the main responsibilities of the corporation. So it is no doubt that CEO’s are leaders; the CEO’s of the Fortune 500 lead millions of employees and large scale business decisions everyday. As number two on the Fortune 500 list, Walmart is regarded as one of the very first â€Å"big businesses† to ever go multinational. The statistic s on Walmart are astonishing: housing more than two million full-time employees, boasting a whopping $405 billion in revenue last year and owning more than 8,500 stores worldwide.Beginning as a small business investment, it is no doubt that the Walmart corporation took someone with a vision to develop its domination in the business world. Not only did it take a vision, but someone audacious, reliable and empowering enough to execute such a large dream. In 1962, small business owner Sam Walton opened the very first Walmart in Rogers, Arkansas. The strategy of the business was one the world had not seen yet before: a chain discount store. Within just five years, it had expanded to 24 stores, and by 1968, it had went multistate.That was just the beginning of the Walmart rise to reign. But what qualities did Sam have to build such an empire? Many claims Walton was very inquisitive and open to criticism of his business in order to improve it; he was constantly concerned about the custome r and looking to improve. Walton was also optimistic; his positivity bred grounds for happy employees—gaining the willpower of each individual. Walton was also clever, learning from his competitors and seeing how he could use the skills he had seen to advance his own business.Today, Walmart is one of the largest corportations in the world thanks to its first CEO, Sam Walton. Walmart also gives back to its community: In 2011, Walmart and the Walmart Foundation gave $958. 9 million in cash and in-kind contributions around the world. Rising above Walmart this year for number one on the list of the Fortune 500 is ExxonMobil. Over the last 125 years, ExxonMobil has went from a kerosene distributor of the US to the largest publicly traded petroleum enterprise of the world. Their leadership strategies date back to its founding, with the Rockefeller’s oil industry.The Rockefellers were one of the biggest and first U. S. businesses back in the age of the industrial revolution. ExxonMobil has underwent several name changes and through many CEO’s to get to its standing in today’s #1 place in the market. So how does Rex Tillerson handle it all? Many report Tillerson as optimistic, clear and confident. He has been working with ExxonMobil for over thirty years, so it is apparent that he is consistent and persistent with his business as he deals with a fluctuating market.Communication also plays a major role in Tillerson’s leadership style. â€Å"What we support is continued efforts to understand the problem better. We need to work harder on articulating our views, and we're going to try to do better at that in the future,† Rex has said. Rex understands the importance of communicating within his company with his employees as well as potential investors. Not only is Tillerson a great business titan, but like Walmart, he gives back to his community.Through the work of Tillerson’s leadership, ExxonMobil is involved with many grou ps and organizations including his involvement of many organizations including Alpha Phi Omega, the United Negro College Fund, and the Boy Scouts of America. Allergan is ranked #457 on the Fortune 500 list, but do not be fooled by this number: it is by far the fastest growing corporation on the Fortune 500 list with a 155650. 0% change of profits from 2010 to 2011. David Pyott is the CEO of this pharmaceutical corporation and ranked #11 on Forbe’s list of CEO’s.He joined in late 1998 and reconstructed the business’s strategy on worldwide operations. In June 2006, he was awarded the honor of Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) by Her Majesty the Queen in acknowledgment of Pyott’s contribution to British business excellence and management skills in the United States. Pyott holds leadership in many international boards as well as serves member in many international medical-related councils and organizations. Through this, he gai ns a keen view of the evolving world around him and applies this to his business.So it is of no doubt why Allergan can be seen as the fastest Fortune 500 under Pyott’s leadership of just 13 years thus far. Allergan also has significant claims about its companying, stating â€Å"Allergan, Inc. is a multi-specialty health care company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing innovative pharmaceuticals, biologics and medical devices that enable people to live life to its greatest potential — to see more clearly, move more freely, express themselves more fully. Tying back directly to this mission statement is their â€Å"insight for life† program that gives developing countries access to medicine and healthcare. So what is a leader based on the qualities expressed by three of America’s top CEO’s? Being a leader is being visionary, being communicative, being insightful, being clever, being open-minded, being persistent, being motivating, being smart, being hard-working and most of all, being caring and compassionate to those around you.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Food Borne Illness paper

This paper will explain how the infectious organism staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through food. Discuss a real life outbreak of staphylococcus aureus in the United States. Also describe the clinical symptoms, the duration of the symptoms, and any treatments for the disease. The author will discuss the steps to be taken to prevent further outbreaks, including personal as well as environmental precautions and methods that can be taken. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (staph), is commonly found in pimples, infected cuts, and when people have colds (â€Å"Staphylococcus†, 2014).Therefore, staph can be transmitted from person to person from contaminated hands. The infection is spread from a person’s hands by contaminated objects such as razors, and sports equipment. Other ways of contamination could be close skin to skin transmission, crowded living conditions, cuts, and poor hygiene. Staphylococcus can cause food poisoning when a person does not properly refrigerate f ood, clean equipment, and if food is not properly prepared. In the early 1990’s 1,364 children became ill at a Texas elementary school after eating chicken salad (â€Å"Bad Bug Book: foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook†, 2013).The chickens was frozen and boiled, deboned, and cooled by a fan to room temperature. The chicken was refrigerated overnight and the next morning blended with other ingredients. The chicken salad was put in a thermal container and transported to 16 different school sights and held at room temperature until lunchtime. The chicken became contaminated during deboning. Probably because the food was not cooled fast enough. Some of the symptoms that a person has when he or she has become infected with the bacteria are vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever and nausea.The duration of the illness is approximately 24 to 48. If you have any of the above mentioned symptoms one should drink plenty of water and other fluids to p revent dehydration and get plenty of rest. Some people may require a visit to his or her doctor for treatment. The doctor can treat the skin infection by making an incision and draining the infected area and by prescribing antibiotics. Individual and environmental precautions that can be taken to prevent further outbreaks are: good hand washing techniques, use soap and running water when washing hands before and after eating, as well as after using the bathroom.Staph can exist on environmental surfaces. Therefore, sanitation of these areas should be done regularly. Most institution and eating places have guidelines for sanitation for these areas. People should also make sure that shared items are cleaned, such as your computer, cell phone, scissors clippers, children toys, and exercise equipment. One method that can be used to sanitize equipment is by using 1 tablespoon of bleach in 1 quart of water. This can help disinfect some objects.Also, use disposal towels or wipes. This paper has explained how the infectious organism staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through food, discussed an outbreak of staphylococcus aureus at an elementary school in Texas. Also, described the clinical symptoms, the duration of the symptoms, and any treatments for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The author has discussed the measures to be taken to prevent further outbreaks, including personal as well as environmental precautions and methods that can be taken.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

buy custom The Bilingual Education essay

buy custom The Bilingual Education essay Bilingual education is a system of education where learners are taught in two languages. They are instructed in their native language and a second language (English). Technically, every schooling system that presents educational material to students in more than one language is bilingual. People who are against this system of education argue that the expense incurred by the government in implementation cannot be justified. The benefits to the learner and the country are many therefore; the system should be highly encouraged. The advantages of a bilingual education system Bilingual system allows learners to appreciate other cultures. Learning in more than a single language gives learners the opportunity to interact with different cultures. Children learn other cultures while maintaining their own culture. The system broadens learners view of thinking as they get exposed to other cultures. Learners also get enriched as their minds open up and broaden due to exposure. In addition to this, children in a multicultural society learn to tolerate other cultures (Garci%u0301a and Hugo 123). Bilingual education system prepares learners to cope with the world. The world has been turned into a global village by technology. There is a greater mobility and communication around the world, which has come with the discovery of new technologies. Larning in more than a single language therefore, develops multitalented individuals. Children are fast learners. Children can grasp grammar, vocabulary and other nuances of non-native language effortlessly. Children have better capabilities to learn a second language than grownups. It is, therefore, healthy to introduce a second language to children at an early age. This system of education helps children to develop their own identity. Children learn their own language, and they appreciate their own roots. Children do not discard their traditions since they are taught in their native (Medina 156). Training learners in a bilingual system reduces the chance of losing content. Content loss is inevitable when learners are taught using a language they do not understand. It is, therefore, healthy to teach content in a language a learner understands for a certain period. Learners can then be taught in English when they have fully learned the language. The system uses resources available as a basis for acquiring knowledge and building of new skills. Teachers use the basic language that the learners has in instruction so as to achieve academic excellence. This is advantageous because schools do not have to train the learner in language before proceeding to introduce other subjects. The learner goes to school ready to learn new concepts. Instrructors may then teach English as a second language at the pace of the learner. The learners native language provides contextual basis for acquiring knowledge in the second language (English). The economic advantage of this system to the learner lies in the job market. Many companies pay a lot of money to employees who can speak more than one language. Such people are needed to handle clientele from diverse origins effectively. The system therefore, develops competitive individuals in the job market. Conclusion In conclusion, the merits of a bilingual education system outweigh demerits. Reforms should be undertaken so that full benefits of the system get realized. Automatic assignment of learners with limited skills in English to bilingual classes should be discontinued. This amounts to dictatorship and discrimination. Parents, who feel the pain of paying fees, need be given a chance to choose programs to enroll their kids. Learners should be given a chance to learn their native language in a class where English is emphasized. English as a second Language is an excellent program that emphasizes English and allows learners to change to mainstream classes. This program therefore, provides an avenue for reforms to bilingual education system. The learners can then switch to English-only classes when they become competent in English language. Buy custom The Bilingual Education essay

Monday, November 4, 2019

Cellphone Addiction

Negative effects of cell phone addiction include isolation and unbalanced priorities. There are effective solutions for treating the addiction, once you identify the symptoms. Symptoms of Cell Phone Addiction Take a step back and ask yourself how important your cell phone is to your day. If your phone use reduces the quality of your life, you may have an addiction. Perhaps you carry the gadget around with you even when you do not leave home; you look at the screen as you walk and constantly check it for missed calls. Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the dinner table and look at apps rather than talking to family members over meals. Is your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; your obsession is a cell phone addiction. Look at your phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction. Another factor to consider is whether the gadget is getting in the way of your social life. Perhaps you cancel lunches with friends in favor of staying home to keep up with social networks via your mobile. When the device gets in the way of your real life events in a negative way, you likely have a cell phone addiction. Causes There are many causes of the addiction. The cell phone may be just one part of a larger addiction to technology in general. After all, many smartphones are equipped with apps to play games, browse the internet, and send emails. Online social media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Your friends and family members are joining networks too. You often â€Å"talk† to one another on the networks as your schedules keep you too busy to meet face to face. If you have made new online friends through the networks, your cell phone provides a way to connect with these people when they live in other cities and even in other countries. You trade media links, such as articles and photos. The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages. com/hub/cell-phone-addiction-the-symptoms-and-methods-of-treatment Cellphone Addiction Negative effects of cell phone addiction include isolation and unbalanced priorities. There are effective solutions for treating the addiction, once you identify the symptoms. Symptoms of Cell Phone Addiction Take a step back and ask yourself how important your cell phone is to your day. If your phone use reduces the quality of your life, you may have an addiction. Perhaps you carry the gadget around with you even when you do not leave home; you look at the screen as you walk and constantly check it for missed calls. Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the dinner table and look at apps rather than talking to family members over meals. Is your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; your obsession is a cell phone addiction. Look at your phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction. Another factor to consider is whether the gadget is getting in the way of your social life. Perhaps you cancel lunches with friends in favor of staying home to keep up with social networks via your mobile. When the device gets in the way of your real life events in a negative way, you likely have a cell phone addiction. Causes There are many causes of the addiction. The cell phone may be just one part of a larger addiction to technology in general. After all, many smartphones are equipped with apps to play games, browse the internet, and send emails. Online social media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Your friends and family members are joining networks too. You often â€Å"talk† to one another on the networks as your schedules keep you too busy to meet face to face. If you have made new online friends through the networks, your cell phone provides a way to connect with these people when they live in other cities and even in other countries. You trade media links, such as articles and photos. The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages. com/hub/cell-phone-addiction-the-symptoms-and-methods-of-treatment

Saturday, November 2, 2019

International service quality (the validity of a mystery shopper) Essay

International service quality (the validity of a mystery shopper) - Essay Example The benefits and drawback, strategic issues in hospitality organizations and recommendations which are later followed by possible improvements suggested with the help of the quality control tool. As the competitiveness kept on rising in the market economy the companies had to come-up with strategies that would always take it to higher position and retain it. The welfare of a company is based on the products it offers, the quality of the products and the main concentration rests upon customer satisfaction. As customers are treated to be the major factor for a company's expansion, there was a necessity to gather feedback and conduct surveys on its own services. The procedure of gathering information in feedback sheets and then appointing few analysts was a lengthier process and was also vulnerable to inappropriate results. This very issue was addressed by appointing a Mystery Shopper. A Mystery Shopper basically makes a purchase at one of the company outlet as a customer (Cybershoppers.co.uk, nd). The services that he was provided with are considered as a feedback to the quality of service at the company's outlet. These results play a vital role in evaluating the company's fun ctioning and helps in stimulating a progress. One of the golden strategies followed by the emperors ca... The services that he was provided with are considered as a feedback to the quality of service at the company's outlet. These results play a vital role in evaluating the company's functioning and helps in stimulating a progress. Validity of a Mystery Shopper One of the golden strategies followed by the emperors can be implemented to obtain the right feedback i.e. by disguising oneself and then checking out the functioning yourself. But these days it is almost impossible to perform this act on our own because of time constraints, so the best way is to appoint a person who can work for the client. But appointing an employee who does, the inspection periodically would always leave an opportunity for the particular outlet of the company to set things right overnight. In the instant generation an approximate of six hours is sufficient to change the complete look of the outlet with the help of instant tools. To avoid such situations and tampering of the reports by some corrupt employees a Mystery Shopper would be the best solution. An approximate of $1 billion is invested in the Mystery Shopping strategy per annum through out the world (Maret, 2005). There is another issue wherein the customers do not wish to spend time on the feedback forms or would try and avoid any sort of personal contacts to invest their time in some other activity than to speak up for the problem and elaborate on it. The easiest way out for a customer would be to pretend that the services are good and avoid further contacts (Mystery-shoppers.co.uk, nd). It basically concentrates the quality of customer services which is the best strategy to gain a grip over the competitors in the market economy though the quality and cost of the product are almost equivalent. Mystery